BACH-2

1. A story told in a song is a ballad .

2. Often, the term Celtic music is applied to the music of Ireland and Scotland.

3. R o ck and roll (also known as rock´n´roll) is a form of music that evolved in

the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

4. The four Beatles all played guitars except Ringo Starr, who played the drums.

5. C ha m b e r music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments.

6. Baroque music is associated with coposers such as Händel, Vivaldi and Bach.

7. Claude D e b u s s y and Maurice R a v e l are French Impressionist musicians.

8. The w a l t z e s, the t a n g o s , and the bo l e r o s are dance music.

9. R a p p i n g is a rhythmic style of chanting.

10. S o u l is a music genre that combines gospel music and rhythm and blues.

            Possible solutions:

1) “Don’t worry if you are late tomorrow.”

            My boss told me not to worry if I was late the next day. (Negative imperative)

2) “Let’s answer all the teacher’s questions in this moment.

            The students suggested answering all the teacher’s questions in that moment. (Suggestion)

3) “Would you like a cup of coffee and a piece of cake?” (Offering)

She offered us a cup of coffee and a piece of cake.

She asked us if we would like a cup of coffee and a piece of cake.

4) “Listen to me!”

The teacher told us to listen to him. (Imperative)

5) “Water boils at 100ºC.”

The physics teacher said that water boils at 100ºC. (Universal truth)

1)      Mandy: "Are the boys reading the book?"

Mandy asked if the boys were reading the book. 

2) Jason: "Who gave you the laptop?"
                         Jason asked me who had given me the laptop.

            3) Robert: "Is Tim leaving on Friday?"

                        Robert asked if Tim was leaving on Friday.

            4) Daniel: "Will it rain tomorrow?"

                        Daniel asked if it would rain the next day.

            5) Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?"

                          Jennifer asked us were we played football that day.

            6) Nancy: "Why didn't Nick go to New York last summer?"

                           Nancy asked why Nick hadn't gone to New York the summer before.

            7) Barbara: "Must I do my homework this afternoon?"
                     

                            Barbara asked if she had to do her homework that afternoon.

            8) Linda: "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?"
                            

                          Linda asked if Max had flown to London two weeks before.

            9) Grandmother: "Where are my glasses?"

                           My grandmother asked where her glasses where.

            10) A man: "When does the train to Liverpool leave?"

                            A man asked when the train to Liverpool left.

1) Emily: "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow." (SAY)

Emily said (that) their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.

            2) Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday." (TELL)
            Helen told me (that) she had been writing a letter the day before.

3) Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year." (TELL)
Robert told me (that) his father had flown to Dallas the year before.

4) Lisa: "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago." (SAY)

Lisa said (that) Tim had gone to the stadium an hour before.

5) Patricia: "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend." (SAY)

Patricia said (that) her mother would celebrate her birthday the following week.
6) Michael: "I am going to read a book this week." (SAY)

Michael said (that) he was going to read a book that week.

7) Jason and Victoria: "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow." (TELL)

Jason and Victoria told me that they would do their best in the exam the next day.

8) Andrew: "We didn’t eat fish two days ago." (REMARK)

Andrew remarked (that) they hadn’t eaten fish two days before.

9) Alice: "I spent all my pocket money on Monday." (COMPLAIN)

Alice complained (that) she had spent all her pocket money on Monday.

            10) David: "John had already gone at six." (SAY)

            David said (that) John had already gone at six.

a)      I don’t have time.    Somebody  else will have to do it.

b)      Can you fix the TV? There is  something  wrong with it.

c)      Have you seen my glasses? I can’t find them anywhere .

d)      She couldn’t bake a cake because she had  no  sugar.

e)      Would you like some orange juice?     ( Invitation !)

Istanbul is in Turkey, on the west side of the Bosphorus straits.

ellos mismos     →        themselves  

actuar                →         perform

sonido fuerte        →         loud sound             

fiesta “acid”         →          rave

dejar huella         →          make a mark

The  Turks  are people from Turkey.

The   Danes  are people from  Denmark.

The  Spaniards  are people from Spain.

The  Scots  are people from Scotland. MacKenzie is a  Scott.

The ducklings are following the mother duck.

a)      What is the difference between the BEATLES and the BEETLES?

       "The Beatles" is the name of a musical group whereas the beetles are insects (small animals).

b)      What is the difference between "romantic music" and "Romantic music" ?

       The romantic music talks about love wheras Romantic music is the music belonging to a historical period.

Match each sentence below to a sentence in the box above.

1.   It is not important who paid Peter's salary.  -->   Peter was paid less than the other workers.

2.   The employer is the important person in this sentence.  -->   The employer paid Peter less than the other workers.

3.   We don't know who is building the new school.  -->  A new school is being built in our area.

4.   We know who is building the new school.   -->  The government is building a new school in our area.

5.

Look at the sentences below. Then answer the questions which follow.

a) The employer paid Peter less than the other workers.

b) Peter was paid less than the other workers.

a) The government is building a new school in our area.

b) A new school is being built in our area.

a) Dr Smith will publish the article soon.

b) The article will be published soon.

1. Which sentences are active? --> all "a" sentences:

The employer paid Peter less than the other workers.

The government is building a new school in our area.

Dr Smith will publish the article soon.

Which sentences are passsive? --> all "b" sentences:

Peter was paid less than the other workers.

A new school is being built in our area.

The article will be published soon.

2. Where are the words in italics the object of the sentence?

In the active "a" sentences, the words in italics are the object.

Where are the words in italics the subject of the sentence?

In the pssive "b" sentences, the words in italics are the subject.

3. Which sentences focus on the person doing the action?

In the active "a" sentences, the focus is on the person.

Which sentences focus on the action?

In the passive "b" sentences, the focus is on the action.

4. Is the form of the verb the same in the active and the passive?

No, it isn’t. (See grammar appendix page 97.)

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Rewrite the following sentences without changing the original meaning.

1. Her employer had paid her the minimum wage.

She had been paid the minimum wage by her employer.

2. Mr Jones offered Mike a new job.

Mike was offered a new job by Mr Jones.

3. We have based the article on a report.

The article has been based on a report.

4. Many people are employed in the car industry. (passive !)

The car industry emplys many people.

5. The report will be published in an important journal.

They will publish the report in an important journal.

6. The children have been forced into illegal employment.

The laws have forced the children into illegal employment.

7. The students’ results were being studied by the headmaster.

The headmaster was studying the students’ results.

Write trhe Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or the passive.

1. Mr Smith had been employed as a teacher before he became a headmaster.

2. Andrew has been barred from school. I hope he won’t get into trouble.

3. Sue had worked part-time before becoming a full-time employee.

4. Mary has been chosen for the new job.

5. A new Olympic record has just been set.

Choose the correct words.

1. She was delighted that she had been offered the job.

2. I understand that you have been accepted by the university.

3. He has been given a salary rise.

4. When did you say that you had left your previous job?

5. Our office has just been reorganised.

Mr Jones’ office has just been redecorated. Look at the two pictures and write sentences saying what has been done. Use the words below to help you.

Example: Curtains have been hung.

curtains - hang * walls - paint

carpet - lay * new furniture - buy

windows - wash * pictures - hang

Possible answers:

Curtains have been hung.

The walls have been painted.

A carpet has been laid.

New furniture has been bought.

The windows have been washed.

Pictures have been hung.

Read the sentences below. Then answer the questions which follow.

1.   What is the difference between the active and the passive verb forms.

      In the passive, the word been is added between have/has/had and the participle of the main verb.

2.   Why is the active or passive used in each sentence?

     The active is used when it is important to know the subject of the action, while the passive is used when the subject of the action is unknown, obvious or unimportant.

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Complete the sentences in a logical way using the verbs below. Use the correct causative form.

deliver   *   test   *   repair   *   publish   *   cut

1.   Her car broke down yesterday. Today she is having it repaired. / Today she is getting it repaired.

2.   John can't see well. He must have/get his eyes tested.

3.   The scientist wrote a new article. He had/got it published last year.

4.   Pam is going to the hairdresser tomorrow. She is going to have/get her hair cut.

5.   These parcels are too heavy for you to carry. You ought to have/get them delivered.

Continue the story by writing the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Brian was also told about the job requirements. "You will be expected ( / You are expected ) to work from nine until five every day. You will be given a lunch break of half an hour," Mr Grace told him. "If you are late, money will be deducted from your salary," he continued. It took Brian a few seconds to realise that the job was his.

Choose the correct words.

Brian was feeling very nervous as he waited in the secretary's office. He was going to be interviewed for a new job and the secretary had told him to wait until Mr Grace was ready to see him. Brian really needed this job and he hoped he would get it. Finally, he was invited into Mr Grace's office. He was asked many questions by Mr Grace and he answered all of them very well.

1. a) TRUE ......job opportunities for women ................are being reduced once again because of the crisis.

b) FALSE ..... even in South Korea, one of the richest Asian countries, families are stopping their daughters from going to after-school classes so that they will have more money .....

     FALSE    ..... the once strong economies in South-East Asia are now facing serious problems.

( Esta pregunta tiene dos soluciones aceptables. ¡Elige una! )

c) FALSE ..... their father ordered the girls to drop out of all of their after-school classes except for art.

d) FALSE .... he was forced to continue taking everything, even though he didn’t want to.

e) TRUE .... she supposes it’s right that a son gets the most attention.

2. a) strong

b) region

c) hit

d) drop out of

e) forced to

3. a) One result of the economic crisis in South-East Asia is

that fewer women have jobs.

b) The girls were ordered to drop out of most of their after-school classes because

the families needed the money to educate the sons.

4. a) Women all over the world are being affected by economic changes.

b) More and more women have been accepted into the work-place by society.

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Reading:

1. fact 2. opinion 3. opinion 4. fact

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Understanding the Text:

A 1.c (fact)

2.b (opinion)

B 1 False -

* ..... they would be able to identify chromosomes that

cause specific illnessess and prevent them in the future.

(lines 21 - 25)

2 False -

* ...... it’s too late to help me. (line 59)

C ?????????????

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Think for Yourself

A Oscar is correct.

B Possible answers:

1. It will help scientists to identify the chromosomes that cause specific diseases.

This will help them to stop these diseases in the future.

2. Old people will be healthier and more active.

3. She is already too old to benefit from the research that is being done.

C Possible answers:

1. The result could be the ability to "grow" new organs and body parts.

2. The two arguments the sceptics give are that if we prevent one disease,

another will take its place

and that other factors will also have to be taken into consideration.

3. If our life expectancy is increased, there might be fewer jobs for young adults.

Also, the consumer, leisure and tourist industries will be affected.

Words at Work

A 1. lies in

2. point out

3. elderly

4. retire

5. life-span

6. researcher

7. poverty

B 1. carrying out

2. breakthrough

3. reserach

4. life-span

5. retire

6. far-reaching

7. leisure

8. poverty

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Gerunds and Infinitives

A Verb + infinitive Verb + gerund Both

decide avoid begin

manage dislike continue

prepare finish hate

promise keep like

refuse suggest love

need plan

prefer

start

can’t stand

B 1. doing

2. to retire

3. studying

4. to work

5. to help

6. to eliminate

7. having / to have

8. living / to live

C 1b 2a 3d 4c 5f 6e 7h 8g

Conditionals

A

1. If we knew how to prevent disease, people would live much longer.

2. If the research is successful, laboratories will produce new organs.

Unless we eradicate poverty, there will always be diseases.

As long as he remains active, he will be healthy.

/ Providing that he remains active, he will be healthy.

3. If the experiment had succeeded, there would have been tremendous consequences.

4. If = as long as / providing that

If not = unless

5. a. If the research is successful, laboratories will produce new organs.

Unless we eradicate poverty, there will always be diseases.

As long as (/Provided that) he remains active, he will be healthy.

b. If we knew how to prevent diseases, people would live much longer.

c. If the experiment had succeeded, there would have been tremendous consequences.

6. Conditional             Condition                                 Result

First Conditional         If + present simple,             future simple with WILL

Second Conditional     If + past simple,                 would + base form of verb

Third Conditional         If + past perfect,                 would have + past participle

B

1d   2h   3g   4f   5a   6c   7b   8e

C

1. were, would stop   -  Second Conditional

                                  refers to aimaginary situation in present.

2. will miss, hurries   -   First Conditional

                                  refers to something possible in the future

3. would be, drove   -   Second Conditional

4. would have finished  -  Third Conditional

                                     refers to impossible situation in the past

5. hadn't gone, wouldn't have caught  - Third Conditional

6. were, would play      - Second Conditional

    had been, would have played    - Third Conditional

7. pass, will treat    -    First Conditional

8. works, will support   - First Conditional

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Wish Clauses               

1. I wish they wouldn't make such a noise.

    If only they wouldn't make such a noise.

2. I wish I knew the answer.

    If only I knew the answer.

3. I wish they would find a cure for cancer.

    If only they would find a cure for cancer.

4. I wish I had heard the news last night.

    If only I had herad the news last night.

5. a) Past Simple

    b) Past Perfect

    c) would + verb

    d) would not + verb

B 1. had listened

    2. would discover

    3.were

    4. hadn't told

    5. would go

    6. had known

    7. would speak

    8. knew

C 1. had won

    2. would end

    3. knew

    4. hadn't agreed

    5. would rain

    6. lived

    7. had been

D

1  a.    He wishes he were taller

    b.    "If only I were taller."       

2  a.    She wishes she had driven more carefully.

    b.    "If only I had driven more carefully."

3  a.    His parents wish he would study for his exams.

    b.    "If only he would study for his exams."

4  a.    They wish they had reserved a table.

    b.    "If only we had reserved a table." 

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